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Carbonate Geology


3D SEISMIC-INTERPRETATION  (DINGO): Three-dinensional seismic geomorphology and sedimentology of heterozoan and photozoan carbonate systems, Browse Basin, NW Australia
The Browse Basin on the North West Shelf, Australia, provides a rare insight into the Eocene to recent history of a carbonate shelf that developed from a cool-water ramp to a tropical rimmed-platform. Subsurface signatures of this variable carbonate system are recorded on high-resolution 3D reflection-seismic surveys covering > 1000 km2, 24.000 km regional 2D reflection-seismic lines, as well as on wireline logs and cores of 8 exploration wells. A detailed analysis of this comprehensive dataset will be used to address three key aspects of carbonate-platform development that are currently under discussion:
Aspect 1 - It is an open question whether slope erosion in cool-water carbonates is dominantly controlled by slope inclination or sea-level fluctuations. Full 3D spatial control provided by the 3D seismic volume acquired for this study allows the analysis of the relationship between sea-level change, shelf morphology and slope erosio
 
Aspect 2 - The transition from an unrimmed cool-water ramp to a rimmed tropical carbonate platform has not yet been documented in 3D seismic data, and examples from regional 2D studies are rare. High-resolution 3D analysis in combination with detailed wireline and core studies will support the development of a generally applicable model for such transitions.
 
Aspect 3 – The combined analysis of cores, wireline logs and 3D-seismic properties will contribute to resolve the internal architecture of the tropical carbonate shelf during drowning.  3D stratigraphic forward modelling will be used for a quantitative evaluation of the subsurface interpretation results, ultimately supporting the prediction of carbonate facies in similar but less explored settings.

Results of this research project are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the internal architecture and external form of cool-water and tropical carbonate platforms, and to shed light on the key processes shaping these contrasting systems.

 

PALEO-CLIMATE (PEPE): Evaluating the potential of early Pliocene mollusc shells from Peru as El Niño records - permanent "El Niño-like" state or interannual El Niño variability

Evaluating the potential of early Pliocene mollusc shells from Peru as El Niño records – permanent “El Nino-like” state or interannual El Niño variability.
The interaction between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and long-term future global warming is uncertain. Some models link past and future “hothouse” climates to a shallowing of the east Pacific thermocline and a shift towards a permanent “El Nino-like state” in the east Pacific. This is in contrast to other models indicating little change in the ENSO system under “hothouse” conditions. The early Pliocene, characterized by prolonged global warmth, provides a good testing ground for these conflictive theories. Since ENSO events are tightly coupled to the annual cycle it is essential to use paleoclimate-archives with seasonal resolution to resolve individual ENSO events. The stable oxygen isotopes of mollusc shells could provide the first proxy-record for ENSO events during the early Pliocene. We will evaluate the potential of different mollusc species, from several Pliocene exposures in coastal Peru, as climate archives. A range of analytical methods (scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction,
cathodoluminescence) will be applied to develop a screening procedure for diagenetic modifications. Diagenetically unaltered mollusc shells will be selected for stable isotope analysis of seasonal temperature variability.

 

DIAGENESIS AND RESERVOIR PROPERTIES: Use of stable isotopes to unravel the complex diagenetic evolution of Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian intra-salt carbonate stringers from the South Oman and Ghaba Salt Basins, Interior Northern Oman

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